Gilder Lehrman Center Online Documents

Primary Sources 

African American

Adams, Henry, Testimony of Henry Adams regarding the Negro Exodus. Senate Report 693, 46th Cong., 2nd Sess., part 2, pp. 101-111. From Herbert Aptheker, editor, A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States (New York, 1951), p. 715.

https://glc.yale.edu/testimony-henry-adams-regarding-negro-exodus

Adams, John Quincy, Argument of John Quincy Adams, before the Supreme Court Delivered on February 24, and March 1, 1841.

https://glc.yale.edu/argument-john-quincy-adams-supreme-court

“Jim Crow Laws,” The Code of Alabama, v.1. 1923. Atlanta

https://glc.yale.edu/jim-crow-laws

Executive Committee of the American Anti-Slavery Committee,Slavery and the International Slave Trade in the United States of America, London: Thomas Ward And Co. 1841. Anti-Slavery collection.

https://glc.yale.edu/american-anti-slavery-committee

Americans of African Heritage—1990’s (Map). Map depicting the location of Americans who name “African American:” as their first heritage.

https://glc.yale.edu/americans-african-heritage-1990s

“ ‘Tribune’ Answers Over 10,000 Calls on Fight,” The Chicago Daily Tribune, v. 74, n. 81, April 6, 1915.

https://glc.yale.edu/tribune-answers-over-10000-calls-fight

“When a Feller Needs a Friend” (Cartoon) The Chicago Daily Tribune, v. 74, n. 81, 82, April 6, 1915.

https://glc.yale.edu/when-feller-needs-friend

“Afro-Americans Must Keep on One Side of Sidewalk,” Chicago Defender, March 6, 1915 v. 10, n. 10.

https://glc.yale.edu/afro-americans-must-keep-one-side-sidewalk

“Checking Migration,” Chicago Defender, v.14, n. 32, August 9, 1919.

https://glc.yale.edu/checking-migration

“Defender’s Legal Helps: Discrimination,” Chicago Defender, June 6, 1914, v. 9, n. 23.

https://glc.yale.edu/defenders-legal-helps-discrimination

“Ghastly Deeds of Rioters Told,” Chicago Defender, v. 14, n. 31, August 2, 1919.

https://glc.yale.edu/ghastly-deeds-rioters-told

“Seeking the Cause,” Chicago Defender, v. 14, n. 32, August 9, 1919.

https://glc.yale.edu/seeking-cause

“The Only Cure” (Cartoon) Chicago Defender, v. 14, n. 32, August 9, 1919.

https://glc.yale.edu/only-cure

Civil War Era

Adams, Henry, Testimony of Henry Adams regarding the Negro Exodus. Senate Report 693, 46th Cong., 2nd Sess., part 2, pp. 101-111. From Herbert Aptheker, editor, A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States (New York, 1951), p. 715.

https://glc.yale.edu/testimony-henry-adams-regarding-negro-exodus

Reconstruction Era

Adams, Henry, Testimony of Henry Adams regarding the Negro Exodus. Senate Report 693, 46th Cong., 2nd Sess., part 2, pp. 101-111. From Herbert Aptheker, editor, A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States (New York, 1951), p. 715.

https://glc.yale.edu/testimony-henry-adams-regarding-negro-exodus

Abolitionist movement

Adams, John Quincy, “No action of mine can…contribute…to the abolition of Slavery.” John Quincy Adams to Arthur Tappan. July 15, 1845. GLC 3891

https://glc.yale.edu/john-quincy-adams-arthur-tappan-7151845

Executive Committee of the American Anti-Slavery Committee,Slavery and the International Slave Trade in the United States of America, London: Thomas Ward And Co. 1841. Anti-Slavery collection.

https://glc.yale.edu/american-anti-slavery-committee

“Speech of Joseph Barker,” (Part 1) Proceedings of the American-Anti-Slavery Society at its second decade. New York, 1854. Twelfth Anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

https://glc.yale.edu/speech-joseph-barker-part-1

“Speech of Joseph Baker,” (Part 2) Proceedings of the American-Anti-Slavery Society at its second decade. New York, 1854. Twelfth Anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

https://dev.glc.yale.edu/speech-joseph-barker-part-2

Civil Rights Movement

“Jim Crow Laws,” The Code of Alabama, v.1. 1923. Atlanta

https://glc.yale.edu/jim-crow-laws

Racism and Racial Identity

“Jim Crow Laws,” The Code of Alabama, v.1. 1923. Atlanta

https://glc.yale.edu/jim-crow-laws

Americans of African Heritage—1990’s (Map). Map depicting the location of Americans who name “African American:” as their first heritage.

https://glc.yale.edu/americans-african-heritage-1990s

Americans of Irish Heritage—1900’s (Map). Map depicting the location of Americans who name “Irish American” as their first heritage.

https://glc.yale.edu/americans-irish-heritage-1900s

“Afro-Americans Must Keep on One Side of Sidewalk,” Chicago Defender, March 6, 1915 v. 10, n. 10.

https://glc.yale.edu/afro-americans-must-keep-one-side-sidewalk

“Checking Migration,” Chicago Defender, v.14, n. 32, August 9, 1919.

https://glc.yale.edu/checking-migration

“Defender’s Legal Helps: Discrimination,” Chicago Defender, June 6, 1914, v. 9, n. 23.

https://glc.yale.edu/defenders-legal-helps-discrimination

“Ghastly Deeds of Rioters Told,” Chicago Defender, v. 14, n. 31, August 2, 1919.

https://glc.yale.edu/ghastly-deeds-rioters-told

“Seeking the Cause,” Chicago Defender, v. 14, n. 32, August 9, 1919.

https://glc.yale.edu/seeking-cause

“The Only Cure” (Cartoon) Chicago Defender, v. 14, n. 32, August 9, 1919.

https://glc.yale.edu/only-cure

Slavery and Resistance

Adams, John Quincy, Argument of John Quincy Adams, before the Supreme Court Delivered on February 24, and March 1, 1841.

https://glc.yale.edu/argument-john-quincy-adams-supreme-court

Executive Committee of the American Anti-Slavery Committee,Slavery and the International Slave Trade in the United States of America, London: Thomas Ward And Co. 1841. Anti-Slavery collection.

https://glc.yale.edu/american-anti-slavery-committee

“Speech of Joseph Barker,” (Part 1) Proceedings of the American-Anti-Slavery Society at its second decade. New York, 1854. Twelfth Anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

https://glc.yale.edu/speech-joseph-barker-part-1

“Speech of Joseph Baker,” (Part 2) Proceedings of the American-Anti-Slavery Society at its second decade. New York, 1854. Twelfth Anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

https://dev.glc.yale.edu/speech-joseph-barker-part-2

Law and Citizen Rights

Adams, John Quincy, Argument of John Quincy Adams, before the Supreme Court Delivered on February 24, and March 1, 1841.

https://glc.yale.edu/argument-john-quincy-adams-supreme-court

Education

“Jim Crow Laws,” The Code of Alabama, v.1. 1923. Atlanta

https://glc.yale.edu/jim-crow-laws

Executive Committee of the American Anti-Slavery Committee,Slavery and the International Slave Trade in the United States of America, London: Thomas Ward And Co. 1841. Anti-Slavery collection.

https://glc.yale.edu/american-anti-slavery-committee

Art, Music and Media

“ ‘Tribune’ Answers Over 10,000 Calls on Fight,” The Chicago Daily Tribune, v. 74, n. 81, April 6, 1915.

https://glc.yale.edu/tribune-answers-over-10000-calls-fight

“When a Feller Needs a Friend” (Cartoon) The Chicago Daily Tribune, v. 74, n. 81, 82, April 6, 1915.

https://glc.yale.edu/when-feller-needs-friend

Immigration

Americans of Irish Heritage—1900’s (Map). Map depicting the location of Americans who name “Irish American” as their first heritage.

https://glc.yale.edu/americans-irish-heritage-1900s

“The Convent,” Boston Evening Transcript, 12 August, 1834.

https://glc.yale.edu/convent

Voting Rights

“Jim Crow Laws,” The Code of Alabama, v.1. 1923. Atlanta

https://glc.yale.edu/jim-crow-laws

Organizing

Adams, Henry, Testimony of Henry Adams regarding the Negro Exodus. Senate Report 693, 46th Cong., 2nd Sess., part 2, pp. 101-111. From Herbert Aptheker, editor, A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States (New York, 1951), p. 715.

https://glc.yale.edu/testimony-henry-adams-regarding-negro-exodus

Political History

“Hoover Fought to Aid Farmers, Borah Recalls” The Christian Science Monitor, v. 20 n. 290, November 3, 1928.

https://glc.yale.edu/hoover-fought-aid-farmers-borah-recalls

“Jim Crow Laws,” The Code of Alabama, v.1. 1923. Atlanta

https://glc.yale.edu/jim-crow-laws